"Average-Representing Grant": Whitman's General

maritime general average

when any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril, the property (ship and cargoes) involved in a common maritime adventure, the interests saved , are required to make contributions in general average to the owner of lost or damaged property . general average rules originates from ancien...

General Discounting Versus Average Reward

Consider an agent interacting with an environment in cycles. In every interaction cycle the agent is rewarded for its performance. We compare the average reward U from cycle 1 to m (average value) with the future discounted reward V from cycle k to ∞ (discounted value). We consider essentially arbitrary (non-geometric) discount sequences and arbitrary reward sequences (non-MDP environments). We...

the role of peril in general average

one of the important subjects with regard to general average is the demand for compensation. the substantial question is whether the basis for the permissibility of demand for compensation on the part of the damage sufferer is the incur of peril during a voyage or not? according to the legal systems under the present study (england, france, iran and york-antwerp rules), this research reveals th...

A general framework for representing preferences

Representing General Relational Knowledge in ConceptNet 5

ConceptNet is a knowledge representation project, providing a large semantic graph that describes general human knowledge and how it is expressed in natural language. This paper presents the latest iteration, ConceptNet 5, including its fundamental design decisions, ways to use it, and evaluations of its coverage and accuracy.